Retailing channels refer to the various avenues through which products or services are made available to consumers. These channels can vary greatly depending on the nature of the products, the target market, and the overall retail strategy. Here are some common retailing channels:

1. Brick-and-Mortar Stores: Traditional physical retail locations where customers can physically visit to browse and purchase products. Examples include department stores, specialty stores, supermarkets, and convenience stores.
2. E-commerce: The buying and selling of goods and services over the internet. This includes online marketplaces like Amazon and eBay, as well as individual retailer websites.
3. Mobile Commerce (m-commerce): Retail transactions conducted through mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. This includes mobile-optimized websites, apps, and mobile payment systems.
4. Catalog Retailing: Retail sales that occur through printed or digital catalogs. Customers browse through catalogs showcasing products and place orders either through mail, phone, or online.
5. Television Home Shopping: Sales made through television programs dedicated to showcasing and selling products. Customers can place orders via phone or internet while watching the program.
6. Direct Selling: A method where products are marketed and sold directly to consumers, often through personal demonstrations, home parties, or one-on-one interactions. Examples include companies like Avon and Amway.
7. Vending Machines: Automated machines that dispense products directly to customers. Commonly used for snacks, beverages, and other small items.
8. Pop-up Shops: Temporary retail spaces that can be set up in various locations such as vacant storefronts, event venues, or even mobile trucks. Pop-up shops are often used for short-term promotions or to test new markets.
9. Social Commerce: Retail transactions facilitated through social media platforms. This includes direct sales through platforms like Facebook and Instagram, as well as influencer marketing where products are promoted by social media influencers.
10. Subscription Services: A model where customers sign up to receive products on a recurring basis, typically through a subscription fee. This can include subscription boxes, meal delivery services, and software-as-a-service (SaaS) models.

Retailers often utilize a combination of these channels to reach their target customers and maximize sales opportunities. The choice of retailing channels depends on factors such as the nature of the product, target market demographics, geographical reach, and overall business strategy.