Operations on Stacks:

Stacks support various operations, primarily involving adding and removing elements. The fundamental operations on stacks are:

1. Push: Adds an element to the top of the stack.
2. Pop: Removes and returns the element at the top of the stack.
3. Peek (or Top): Returns the element at the top of the stack without removing it.
4. isEmpty: Checks if the stack is empty.
5. isFull: Checks if the stack is full (in the context of a fixed-size stack).
6. Size: Returns the number of elements currently in the stack.
7. Clear: Removes all elements from the stack, leaving it empty.

Array Representation of Stack:

In the array representation of a stack, a fixed-size array is typically used to implement the stack. The array has a fixed capacity, and a pointer (often called top) is used to keep track of the top element of the stack. Here’s how the array representation works:

• The top pointer points to the index of the top element in the stack.
• When a new element is pushed onto the stack, top is incremented, and the element is placed at top index.
• When an element is popped from the stack, the element at top index is returned, and top is decremented.

Linked Representation of Stack:

In the linked representation of a stack, each element of the stack is represented as a node in a linked list. Each node contains the data element and a pointer to the next node in the stack. The top of the stack is represented by the head of the linked list.

• Push operation involves creating a new node with the data and pointing it to the current top node. Then updating the top pointer to the newly added node.
• Pop operation involves removing the top node from the linked list and updating the top pointer to point to the next node.
• Peek operation returns the data of the top node without removing it.
• isEmpty operation checks if the top pointer is null, indicating an empty stack.

Operations Associated with Stacks:

1. Push: Adds an element onto the stack.
2. Pop: Removes the top element from the stack.
3. Peek (or Top): Returns the top element without removing it.
4. isEmpty: Checks if the stack is empty.
5. isFull: Checks if the stack is full (for fixed-size stacks).
6. Size: Returns the number of elements in the stack.
7. Clear: Removes all elements from the stack.
8. Traversal: Iterates through the elements of the stack.
9. Conversion: Converts infix expressions to postfix or prefix using stacks (used in expression evaluation).
10. Undo/Redo: Used in applications like text editors for implementing undo and redo functionality.