1. GST Refund:
   • Eligibility: GST refunds are available under various circumstances, including exports of goods or services, supplies made to Special Economic Zones (SEZs), inverted duty structure (where the tax paid on inputs is higher than the tax payable on the output supply), and excess payment of tax due to mistake or inadvertence.
   • Application Process: Taxpayers eligible for a refund need to file an application for refund on the GST portal within the stipulated time frame, along with supporting documents and declarations as required.
   • Processing: Upon receipt of the refund application, the tax authorities verify the eligibility criteria and documentation submitted. If the application is complete and meets the necessary conditions, the refund is processed, and the amount is credited to the taxpayer’s bank account.
   • Timeframe: The GST law specifies a time limit within which the refund application must be processed by the tax authorities. In cases of delayed processing, interest may be payable to the taxpayer.
2. TDS in GST (Tax Deducted at Source):
   • Applicability: TDS under GST is applicable to certain specified persons, such as government departments, local authorities, and certain categories of taxpayers, who are required to deduct tax at source when making payments to suppliers for goods or services.
   • Rate and Threshold: The rate of TDS and the threshold limit above which TDS is required to be deducted are prescribed under the GST law. Currently, TDS under GST is applicable at the rate of 2% on the value of the taxable supply above ₹2,50,000.
   • Compliance: Entities required to deduct TDS must obtain a TDS registration, deduct tax at the prescribed rate, issue a TDS certificate to the deductee, and remit the deducted tax to the government within the specified timeframe.
   • TDS Certificate: Upon deduction of tax, the deductor is required to issue a TDS certificate in the prescribed format to the deductee, indicating details such as the amount of tax deducted, the rate of deduction, and other relevant particulars.
3. Registration of GST:
   • Mandatory Registration: Businesses engaged in the supply of taxable goods or services with aggregate turnover exceeding the threshold limit prescribed under the GST law are required to obtain GST registration.
   • Voluntary Registration: Businesses with turnover below the threshold limit may opt for voluntary registration to avail benefits such as input tax credit, compliance advantages, and market competitiveness.
   • Application Process: The GST registration process involves submission of an online application on the GST portal, along with required documents and information, such as PAN, Aadhaar, business details, bank account details, and address proof.
   • Provisional Registration: A provisional GST registration may be granted upon submission of the application, allowing the taxpayer to commence business activities while awaiting final approval.
   • Cancellation and Surrender: GST registration can be cancelled by the taxpayer under certain circumstances, such as cessation of business operations or transfer of business ownership. The cancellation process involves filing an application for cancellation on the GST portal.

These aspects of GST—refund, TDS, and registration—are essential components of GST compliance for businesses operating in India, and understanding the relevant provisions and procedures is crucial for ensuring smooth operations and compliance with GST regulations.