Classification and arrangement of LANs (Local Area Networks) can be based on their connectivity technology, specifically distinguishing between wired LANs and wireless LANs. Here’s an overview of each:
1. Wired LANs:
Wired LANs use physical cables or wires to connect devices within a network. They offer reliable and high-speed communication and are commonly used in fixed office environments where devices are stationary. Wired LANs can be further classified based on the type of cables used:
Types of Wired LANs:
- Ethernet LANs:
- Ethernet is the most common technology used in wired LANs.
- It utilizes twisted-pair or coaxial cables to connect devices to a central networking device such as a switch or router.
- Ethernet LANs support various standards such as 10BASE-T, 100BASE-TX, and Gigabit Ethernet (1000BASE-T).
- Fiber Optic LANs:
- Fiber optic cables transmit data using light signals rather than electrical signals.
- Fiber optic LANs offer higher bandwidth, longer distances, and immunity to electromagnetic interference compared to copper-based Ethernet LANs.
- They are commonly used in environments with high data transmission requirements, such as data centers, campuses, and metropolitan networks.
2. Wireless LANs:
Wireless LANs use radio waves to transmit data between devices without the need for physical cables. They offer mobility and flexibility, allowing devices to connect to the network from anywhere within the coverage area. Wireless LANs are commonly used in environments where wired connectivity is impractical or inconvenient, such as offices, homes, and public spaces.
Types of Wireless LANs:
- Wi-Fi LANs:
- Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) is the most widely used wireless LAN technology.
- It operates based on IEEE 802.11 standards and provides wireless connectivity to devices such as laptops, smartphones, and tablets.
- Wi-Fi LANs use wireless access points (APs) to create a wireless network infrastructure, allowing devices to connect and communicate with each other.
- Wireless Mesh LANs:
- Wireless mesh networks consist of interconnected wireless nodes that communicate with each other to provide network coverage.
- They offer scalability, redundancy, and self-healing capabilities, making them suitable for large-scale deployments and outdoor environments.
- Wireless mesh LANs are used in applications such as municipal Wi-Fi, smart cities, and industrial automation.
Arrangement of LANs:
LANs can be arranged in various topologies depending on the layout and connectivity requirements of the network. Common LAN topologies include:
- Star Topology
- Bus Topology
- Ring Topology
- Mesh Topology
- Hybrid Topology
The choice of LAN arrangement depends on factors such as scalability, fault tolerance, and ease of management. Each topology has its advantages and limitations, and the appropriate topology is selected based on the specific needs of the network deployment.