Trait theory of leadership suggests that certain innate traits and qualities are associated with effective leadership. According to this theory, individuals possess inherent characteristics that make them natural leaders. While there is no definitive list of traits that guarantee effective leadership, several traits have been commonly identified in research and observations of successful leaders. Here are some traits and qualities often associated with effective leaders:

1. Integrity: Effective leaders demonstrate high ethical standards, honesty, and consistency in their actions and decision-making. They act with integrity and earn the trust and respect of their followers.
2. Confidence: Leaders display self-confidence and belief in their own abilities and decisions. They inspire confidence in others and motivate them to achieve their best.
3. Emotional Intelligence: Leaders with high emotional intelligence have the ability to understand and manage their own emotions, as well as the emotions of others. They exhibit empathy, social awareness, and strong interpersonal skills.
4. Vision: Effective leaders have a clear vision of the future and can articulate it in a compelling manner. They inspire and motivate others by creating a sense of purpose and direction.
5. Decisiveness: Leaders are able to make decisions in a timely manner, even in the face of uncertainty or ambiguity. They weigh options, gather information, and take action when needed.
6. Resilience: Leaders demonstrate resilience in the face of challenges and setbacks. They remain determined, adaptable, and optimistic, inspiring their followers to persevere.
7. Communication Skills: Effective leaders are skilled communicators. They can convey their ideas, listen actively, provide feedback, and facilitate open and transparent communication within the team or organization.
8. Empowerment: Leaders empower their followers by delegating responsibilities, providing autonomy, and fostering an environment that encourages personal and professional growth.
9. Accountability: Leaders take responsibility for their actions and outcomes. They hold themselves and others accountable for performance and strive for excellence.
10. Open-mindedness: Effective leaders are open to new ideas, diverse perspectives, and constructive feedback. They are willing to learn, adapt, and consider alternative viewpoints.

Trait theory of leadership suggests that individuals who possess these traits are more likely to emerge as effective leaders. However, it is important to note that leadership effectiveness is influenced by various factors, including the context, the nature of the task or organization, and the followers’ characteristics. Additionally, the trait theory does not account for the development of leadership skills or the impact of situational factors on leadership effectiveness.