The mechanism of policy-making involves a structured process through which organizations, governments, or other entities develop, implement, and evaluate policies to address specific issues or achieve desired objectives. While the exact steps and procedures may vary depending on the context and complexity of the policy, the general mechanism of policy-making typically includes the following stages:

1. Agenda Setting: The first stage of the policy-making process involves identifying and prioritizing issues or problems that require attention and action. This may involve conducting research, gathering data, consulting stakeholders, and assessing the significance and urgency of various issues. The agenda-setting process helps determine which issues will be addressed through policy development.
2. Policy Formulation: Once the agenda is set, the next stage involves formulating policies to address the identified issues or achieve specific objectives. This stage often begins with defining the goals and objectives of the policy, conducting analysis and research to understand the underlying causes of the problem, exploring alternative policy options, and assessing the potential impacts and trade-offs of each option. Policy formulation may involve input from experts, stakeholders, policymakers, and affected parties to ensure that the policy is well-informed and comprehensive.
3. Decision Making: After policy options are formulated, the decision-making stage involves selecting the preferred policy option and formalizing it into a policy proposal or draft. This stage may involve deliberation, negotiation, and consensus-building among policymakers, legislators, or other decision-makers. The decision-making process may occur within government agencies, legislative bodies, executive boards, or other decision-making bodies responsible for approving and implementing policies.
4. Policy Adoption: Once a policy proposal is approved or endorsed by the relevant decision-making body, it is formally adopted as official policy. This may involve enacting legislation, issuing executive orders, implementing administrative regulations, or adopting resolutions, depending on the institutional framework and legal procedures governing policy adoption. The adopted policy becomes the official framework or guideline for addressing the identified issue or achieving the specified objectives.
5. Policy Implementation: After adoption, the policy enters the implementation stage, where it is put into action and operationalized by relevant stakeholders and implementing agencies. This involves translating the policy into specific programs, projects, regulations, procedures, and actions to achieve the desired outcomes. Effective implementation requires adequate resources, clear communication, coordination among stakeholders, monitoring and evaluation mechanisms, and capacity-building efforts to ensure compliance and accountability.
6. Monitoring and Evaluation: Throughout the implementation process, policymakers and stakeholders monitor the progress and effectiveness of the policy in achieving its intended goals and outcomes. This involves collecting data, assessing performance indicators, measuring outcomes, identifying successes and challenges, and making adjustments or revisions to the policy as needed. Monitoring and evaluation help policymakers learn from experience, improve policy effectiveness, and ensure accountability and transparency in policy implementation.
7. Policy Review and Revision: Policies are subject to periodic review and revision to adapt to changing circumstances, emerging issues, new evidence, and evolving stakeholder needs. Policy review involves assessing the relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, and impact of existing policies, soliciting feedback from stakeholders, and identifying opportunities for improvement or adjustment. Policy revision may involve amending existing policies, developing new policies, or repealing outdated or ineffective policies to better address current challenges and priorities.

By following a systematic mechanism of policy-making that encompasses these stages, policymakers can develop, implement, and evaluate policies effectively to address complex issues, promote public welfare, and achieve sustainable development goals. Effective policy-making requires collaboration, transparency, evidence-based decision-making, stakeholder engagement, and adaptive management to navigate uncertainties and complexities in the policy environment.